Hydraulic motor



Dec. 8, 1964 R. LUCIEN ETAL HYDRAULIC MOTOR Filed Jan. 24, 1962 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 6 5 5 1 I 3 1018 l j 2 v 9]: 2

h 1! LJ FIGfI Dec. 8-, 1964 R. LUCIEN ETAL HYDRAULIC MOTOR 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 24, 1962 FIG.2

Dec. 8, 1964 R. LUCIEN El'AL HYDRAULIC MOTOR 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jan. 24, 1962 -FIG. 6,

Dec. 8, 1964 R. LUCIEN ETAL HYDRAULIC MOTOR 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Jan. 24, 1962 Dec. 8, 1964 R. LUCIEN ETAL HYDRAULIC MOTOR 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 24, 1962 United States Patent 3,169,973 j HYDRAULIC MQTSR Rene Lucien, 56 Boulevard Maillot, Ne lly snr Seine,

France, and Emile Tetart, Louvie .luzon, Basses Pyrenees, France Filed Jan. 24, 1962, Ser. No. l-58,33-l Claims priority, application France, Feb. 3, 1.962, 351,6dd, Patent 1,287,691; Nov. 26, 1961, ,567 a Claims. (6!. 91-183) The present invention relates to a hydraulic motor with radial pistons which results from the conversion of a pump of the same type and belonging to the category in which, on the one hand the movement of the pistons in thier fixed cylinders is generated by a polygonal member supporting the said pistons, mounted on an eccentric carriedin the case of a pump-by the driving shaft, while on the other hand, the deliveries of the cylinders are discharged on a flat surface in the form of a circular ring which carries delivery valves.

A pump of this type has been described in US. patent application Serial No. 97,339 filed on March 21st 1961, now Patent No. 3,125,034 by the same applicant, and titled Pump With Radial Cylinders.

In order to eflect the conversion of this pump to a hydraulic motor, the present invention consists in its principle, in supplying the apparatus through the general delivery orifice of the pump and in measuring the admission to the respective cylinders of the liquid under pressure by a control synchronized with the rotation of the shaft.

In the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a view showing two axial half-sections of a first form of construction according to the invention, of a pump of the type referred to, converted to a hydraulic motor.

FIGS. 2 and 3 are transverse half-sections, taken respectively along the lines 22 and 3-3 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a diagram on twice the scale of the preceding figures, showing the kinematics of the control of distribution of the fluid under pressure.

FIG. 5 groups together three stages of the opening and closure movement of an admission valve of the motor of the preceding figures.

FIG. 6 is an alternative form of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a view taken along two axial half-sections of a further form of construction according to the inven tion, of a pump of the kind hydraulic motor.

FIGS. 8a8b-8c are respectively, to a larger scale than FIG. 7, a view in elevation of the polygonal member, a

considered, convertedto a plan View and an end view of a piston in its cylinder.

FIGS. 9-10-11-12, given the indices a, b, c, relate to an alternative form of construction of the motor .according to FIG. 7.

Referring now to FIGS. 1 to 4:

The radial pump considered here, converted to a motor, has six cylinders, but this number is obviously not limitat-ive. As in the above-mentioned patent application,-it comprises a body 1, and end-plate 2 and ashaft 3 with an eccentric 4. This shaft becomes in the case of the motor the driven shaft.

A hexagonal member 5 actuates the pistons which move in their respective cylinders C. The general admission orifice 7which in the case of the motor becomes the return orifice to the'tanlrf-comrnunicates with an axial bore 8 provided with ports 9 formed in-the ec centric 4, and which are in intermittent communication through ports 9b of. the polygonal'rnember, with an axial fbrore 9a, formed in eachpiston. V 1

r Ce Patented Dec. 8., 1964 2 Each cylinder is provided With an admission orifice it) covered by a flat surface 11 in the form of a circular ring,.de-limiting the base of a collective admission chamber 12 in which are mounted admission valves consti- I tuted by balls 13 acted upon by rubber blocks 14. V ,The collective admission chamber 12 communicates with the general admission orifice (not shown).

The control of distribution of the fluid under pressure at the cylinders is based on the following observations with reference to FIG. 4, which is diagrammatic and is on twice the scale of the preceding figures.

The movement of the hexagonal member 5 is controlled on the one hand independence on the sliding of the respective pistons on the supporting faces 5:: in which they are encased by projections 6a penetrating 'into' grooves 5b, with the possibility of a relative movement in the plane of these faces, and on the other hand on the movement of rotation of the eccentric shaft 3-4. The

result is that the hexagonal member revolves about said shaft in fixed attitude such that each point A of the hexagonal member describes a circular path A-A A -A the diameter of which is equal to twice the value ofthe eccentricity r (the distance from the axis x--x to the axis yy). This is of course the case for any point whatever of the base of each of the pistons.

The essential characteristic of the invention precisely consists in utilizing, for the control of synchronization of the admission valves, the relative displacement A -A parallel to the bases of the pistons.

To'this end, in the hexagonal member directly below each of the pistons, there is formed a cavity 15 which receives the arm 16 of an eccentric lever, the opposite arm 17 of which includes a cam profile. This profile is in this case (FIGS. 1, 3 and 5) constituted'by a simple milled projection 18, but it can be produced by any other equivalent means, as for example by a bo ss. The projection 18 actuates a push-rod 19, which causes the V lifting of thecorresponding closure bill 1'13.

FIG. 5 shows three stages of the movement of opening and closure. The lifting phase of the ball permits the supply to the cylinder of the fluid under pressure which gives the driving stroke of the piston in thedirection of the arrow (FIGS. 1 and 2),while' the discharge of the cylinder into the tank through the orifice "7 is eflected v during theopposite stroke.

As the hexagonal member undergoes .its revolving movement as a result of the driving by the pistons, the arms 16 which are supported in the cavities 15 of the hexagonal member are caused to oscillate back and forth along an arcuate path about an axis passing through eccentric leverid-l'] drives in rotation a shutter 20 which I a opens-orcloses the communication between the admis-' sion orifice Ill and the collective admission chamber, 12 for the liq'uid u'nder pressure..-1 v e Inthe form of embodiment of the steam his to be seen from FIG. 5 that as .f

, invention shown" inFIGS. 7-8, and 8172-80, and its alternative form accordq ing to FIGS; 9 .to .12 (with-indices), the eccentric levers ,7

are dispensed with ...Thsynchronization is ensuredfiby, V imparting directly to thepistons by" the polygonal memher, an alternating movement ofrotation about their axes. This rotational movement of tliepis'tonsis elfectedi r following two angles of maximum displacement,"symadmission valve for each metrical with respect to the diametral plane passing through the general axis of the motor.

With reference to FlGS.-7-8a8b-8c:

As before, as each piston 6 is moved in its cylinder C there is caused displacements of the hexagonal member mounted on the eccentric d of the shaft 3.

The liquid-under pressure passing into the collective admission chamber 12 must pass through the orifices '10 into the cylinders C, and then into the bores 9a of the pistons, so as to be finally evacuated by the intermittent coincidence of the ports 9b and 9, respectively formed in the hexagonal member and in the eccentric, towards the return orifice 7 to the tank.

In the form of embodiment considered, a lug 21 is located on the base of each piston and is fitted into a groove 22 of the hexagonal member.

In consequence, the movements of the said member impart to the pistons, not only a to-and-fro movement in their respective cylinders, as in the case of FIGS. 1 to 6, but also an angular movement about the common axis of the piston and the cylinder.

The extremity of each piston is provided with a cam profile 23, which actuates a push-rod 19, the latter causing the ball 13, acting as an admission valve, to lift.

In FIGS. 8b and 8c, the references 24 and 25 indicate respectively the'top dead centre and the bottom dead centre; 26 is the cycle carried out by the pistons under the push-rod; 27, the extreme positions of the hexagon member; 28is the zone of closure of the ball and 29 is the maximum angle of displacement of the piston.

In the form of embodiment according to FIGS. 9 to 12 (with indices) the angular displacements of the piston have the effect of alternately establishing and interrupting the communication between the admission orifice 10 and e an oblong port 30 formed in the piston and opening'on the bore 9a of this latter.

The said figures represent the four principal stages of the movementsof a piston from the top dead center posieratively associated with the admission valve correspond: ing to the particular face in which the cavity is provided, for undergoing displacement in the respective cavity in a direction approximately normal to the plane of the cylinders as the shaft rotates to open the corresponding admission valve in synchronization with the rotation of the shaft.

2.A hydraulic motor as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means which is engaged in each of the cavities includes 2. lug rigid with each piston, the lugs being accome modated in the respective cavities in the polygonal member, said cavities lying parallel to the axis of the pistons to cause oscillatory angular displacement of the pistons as the shaft rotates, said means further comprising cam profiles directly on each of the respective pistons controlling the corresponding admission valve. Y

3. A hydraulic motor as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means comprises, for each piston: an eccentric lever including one arm engaged in the corresponding cavity and another arm controlling the opening of the admission valve of the corresponding cylinder.

4. A hydraulic motor as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means comprises, for each piston: an eccentric lever including one arm engaged in the corresponding cavity and another arm including a cam profile which controls the opening of the admission valve of the corresponding cylinder.

5. A hydraulic motor as claimed in claim 1' wherein said means engaged in each of said cavities imparts directly to said pistons an alternating angular displacement about their respective axes andcomprises means utilizing said alternating angular displacement for controlling said admission valves.

6. A hydraulic motor as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means engaged in each of said cavities imparts directly to said pistons an alternating angular displacement about their respective axes and comprises cam profiles arranged directly on each of the respective pistons contion (FIG. 9) to the bottom dead center position (FIG. V

Y11) and symmetrical return. It can be seen that the admission of the liquid under pressure is effected during the stroke (driving) comprised between the successive it is a maximum in the intermediate position (FIG. 10), while the evacuation of the liquid towards the orifice 7 is effected during the stroke (expansion) comprised between the positions which correspond to FIGS. 11-12.

and 9.

It will be observed that the positions shown in the FIGS. 9-10-11-12 correspond respectively to the points A ,A A of the diagramof FIG. 4.

It will also be noted that the bore 9a of the pistons is.

'not in the admission axis; the position of this bore corresponds to the necessities of the admission, taking account of the displacement of the piston itself with respect to the hexagonal member, for considerations of balancing of the couple,

What we claim is: 7 i

l. A hydraulic motor comprising a rotatable shaft, a plurality, of cylinders disposed radially around said shaft in a common plane, said shaft being providedwithjan axial bore, individual pistons supported in respective cylinders for reciprocating movement,-each piston being provided with an axial bore therein in intermittent communication with the axial bore ofsaid shaft, an eccentric trolling the corresponding admission valve.

. 7. A hydraulic motor comprising a rotatable shaft, a plurality of cylinders disposed radially around said shaft in a common plane, said shaft being provided with an positions corresponding to these FIGS. 9 to 11, and that axial bore, individual pistons supported in respective cylinders for reciprocating movement, each piston being provided with an axial bore therein in intermittent commuonal member mounted on said. eccentric and having separate faces in engagement with respective pistons to correlate reciprocal movement of the pistons with rota- 1 tion of the shaft and eccentric, each cylinder having an admission orifice for the introduction of liquid under pressure, said orifices opening in a common plane, said controlling opening and closing of the orifices.

supported on' said shaft for'rotationtherewith, alpolygonal member mounted on said eccentric-and having separate faces in engagement with respective of said pistons tocorrelate reciprocal movement of the pistons with rotation, of the shaft and eccentric, eachcylinder having an 1 admissionorifice, for the introduction of liquid under pressure, said orifices? opening in a common plane, an

orifice, said polygonal member having a cavity in each face,, and means. supportedin each of said cavities of said polygonal member'and oppolygonal member having a cavity in each face and means engaged in each of said cavities to undergo displacement in the respective cavity in a direction approximately nor-.

mal to the plane of the cylinders as the shaft rotates for 8. A hydraulic motor as claimed in claim 7 wherein said means engaged in each of the cavities includes a lug rigid with each piston, the lugs being accommodated in the respective cavities in the polygonal member, said cavities lying parallel to the axis of the piston to cause the pistons themselves to undergo alternating angular displacement .while theyreciprocate in the corresponding cylinders, each piston being provided with an oblong port adapted to come opposite the corresponding admission orifice, during the course of the alternating angular displacement of thepiston, said port communicating with the axial bore 'of the piston. I

9. A hydraulic motor as claimed in claim. 1 wherein said' means comprises, for each piston: an eccentriclever having one arm engaged in the corresponding cavity, a 1 shutter mounted adjacent the admissionorifice of the corresponding cylinder, said lever having an opposite References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Presser Feb. 25, 1896 Jovanneaux Feb. 17, 1925 Benedek et a1 June 26, 1934 Huber Mar; 28, 1944 Orshansky July 5, I 1949 Midgette Oct. 7, 1952 Thun June 1, 1954 Christenson Jan. 7, 1958 Kimsey May 29, 1962 FOREIGN PATENTS France -Q Oct. 24, 1960 Great Britain Dec. 30, 1949 

1. A HYDRAULIC MOTOR COMPRISING A ROTATABLE SHAFT, A PLURALITY OF CYLINDERS DISPOSED RADIALLY AROUND SAID SHAFT IN A COMMON PLANE, SAID SHAFT BEING PROVIDED WITH AN AXIAL BORE, INDIVIDUAL PISTIONS SUPPORTED IN RESPECTIVE CYLINDERS FOR RECIPROCATING MOVEMENT, EACH PISTON BEING PROVIDED WITH AN AXIAL BORE THEREIN IN INTERMITTEN COMMUNICATION WITH THE AXIAL BORE OF SAID SHAFT, AN ECCENTRIC SUPPORTED ON SAID SHAFT FOR ROTATION THEREWITH, A POLYGONAL MEMBER MOUNTED ON SAID ECCENTRIC AND HAVING SEPARATE FACES IN ENGAGEMENT WITH RESPECTIVE OF SAID PISTONS TO CORRELATE RECIPROCAL MOVEMENT OF THE PISTONS WITH ROTATION OF THE SHAFT AND ECCENTRIC, EACH CYLINDER HAVING AN ADMISSION ORIFICE FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF LIQUID UNDER PRESSURE, SAID ORIFICES OPENING IN A COMMON PLANE, AN ADMISSION VALVE FOR EACH ORIFICE, SAID POLYGONAL MEMBER HAVING A CAVITY IN EACH FACE, AND MEANS SUPPORTED IN 